UNIT 5 : Social Issues A. The Storeyd House (Part - I) , The Storeyd House (Part - II) , Abandoned (Poem) brief summary and study material.

UNIT 5 : Social Issues A. The Storeyd House (Part - I)
, The Storeyd House (Part - II) , Abandoned (Poem) brief summary and study notes.

 

5. Social Issues

 A. The Storeyd House (Part - I)
B. The Storeyd House (Part - II)
C. Abandoned (Poem)

 

5.SOCIAL ISSUES

"Even after 65 years of independence India is not totally free from barriers such as caste, religion, region, etc. as evidenced by the unhappy incidents that are constantly being reported in the media. People who are socially and economically unprivileged are denied of their freedom by those who enjoy all privileges of living in a free country. We hear about child labour, dowry deaths, female infanticides, and the like incidents almost every day. We have to reflect whether this is the India that we want, what our great poet Tagore envisaged when he wrote, Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high Where knowledge is free Where the world has not been broken up into fragments By narrow domestic walls Where words come out from the depth of truth Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way Into the dreary desert sand of dead habit Where the mind is led forward by thee Into ever-widening thought and action Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake Students in class 10 should have a critical perspective on different social issues and should be able to take up leadership roles to bring about the awakening of India."

Part-A & B: The Storeyed House I & II

The story is presented in two parts with the prevalence of untouchability in India. Bayaji’s story of building a storeyed house for their family gives a clear picture of inhuman practice of untouchability. Bayaji first wants to build a storeyed house. But to avoid notice of people like Patil, who are the land lords, he builds a concealed storeyed house. On the day of house warming, a celebration is organized in Bayaji’s new house. Suddenly the house catches fire. Bayaji is caught in the fire and burnt severely. He breathes his last. After his burial, his sons start building a new house. This time it is not concealed storeyed house, a real storeyed house. The humility and wisdom exhibited by Bayaji is typical of a mature person from an oppressed group. The awakening that finally comes in his sons shows them their timely purpose of building their real storeyed house. It is not just the question of building a house. It is the question of assertion and it is an urge to seek and make others acknowledge their identity.

Part-C: Abandoned

‘ Abandoned’ is a poem written by Dr. Suraya Nasim. It is about a baby abandoned in a garbage bin. The poem has no fixed pattern. It is like a natural flow. Her poems are simple and easy to read and understand. The poet succeeds in describing the young child, the surroundings of the garbage bin, how insects, cat and rats cause chaos that ends the life of the abandoned infant.

Glossary

• Momentum (n) : impetus gained by movement.
• Reluctantly (adv) : unwillingly
• Truant child (n) : a child (a student) who stays away from school without Leave or permission
• Lurch (n) : sudden movement
• Helter -skelter (adv): in disorderly haste
• Heaved (v) : uttered (a sigh)
• Grunted (v) : made a low, rough sound (expressing disagreement, boredom or irritation)
• Dockyard (n) : place where ships are built and repaired
• Sturdy (adj) : strong and solid; vigorous
• Mahar (n) : a Dalit community in Maharastra (their main occupations are wall mending, sweeping or agricultural labour)
• Sundry (adj) : various; several
  Nonplussed : so confused that one does not know what to say or do.
• Hostility (n) : enmity; ill will
  Mumbled (v) : said indistinctly
• Pleasantries (n) : jocular or humorous remarks
• Scampered (v) : ran quickly
• Trenches (n) : ditches dug in the ground
• Ventured (v) : took the risk of
• Faltered (v) : spoke in hesitating manner
• Ruffians (n) : violent, cruel men
• Troupes (n) : companies of actors or singers
• Engrossed (adj):gave all attention to something absorbed
• Thug (n) : violent criminal
• Seasoned (adj) : having a lot of experience of doing something
• Ambience (n) : environment; atmosphere
• Swayed (v) : moved
• Refuge (n) : shelter or protection
• Frantic (adj) : wildly excited with pain or anxiety
• Agony (n) : great pain or suffering
• Collapsed (v) : fell down
• Calamity (n) : great and serious misfortune or disaster
• Dampened (v) : made sad or dull
• Abandoned (v) : left something or somebody forever.
• Irradiating (v) : sending rays of light upon; light up
• Shriek (n) : short, loud high cry
• Hysteria (n): uncontrolled excitement
• Eerie (adj) :  causing a feeling of mystery and fear.
• Destiny (n) :power believed to control events
• crap (n) : solid waste
• Cyanosed (adj) : a deep greenish blue coloured
• Gnawing (v) : biting steadily at something

Idioms, Phrases and Phrasal Verbs

• Come up (phr.v) : reach a particular point / approach / draw near
• goddammit (phr) : an expression used to show that one is angry or annoyed
• Get down (phr.v) : descend / come down / move down / go down
• Put... together (phr.v): assemble / bring together / used unitedly
• Initial momentum (phr): basic movement
• With ease (phr) : easily / without much effort
• Hang around (phr. v): stay in a place
• Day and night (phr.): all the time
• Sound health (phr) : having the impression of keeping good health
• Humble salutations (phr): a polite expression of greeting people
• Knock down (phr. v): hit and injure someone
• Spring on (phr.v) : throw / jump / make one responsible / blame
• Set foot (idiom) : enter some place
• Fund amount (phr): the total amount of money that has been saved
• At leisure (idm) : at one’s convenience / when somebody is free (not busy)
• Mock sympathy (phr) : insincere or pretending feeling of sharing other’s emotions
• Idle curiosity (phr) : wanting to know something for no specific reason
• Gave out (phr.v) : made (a sound)
• Had been married off (v.phr): got married
• Looked after (phr.v) : took care / managed
• Lifetime’s earnings (phr) : money saved in life
• Ran one’s (his) eyes (idiom) : looked quickly at the whole of something
• Wear out (phr.v) : become damaged
• Eat by turns (phr) : eat one after another (There is no sufficient space or room in the house to sit all at one time so they eat one after another)
• Cry from the rooftops (idiom) : public announcement
• Untouchable creature (phr) : a person who cannot be touched/ a person considered to be the lowest social group
• Lose your (one’s) head (idiom) : not to have control of your emotions
• Set aside (phr.v) : save something for a particular purpose/ save
• Turn one’s (your) head (idiom) : cause to become proud or arrogant
• Breath last (idiom) : die
• Go in for (phr.v) : have an interest in / like / make a choice / choose something
• Shot (shoot) out (phr.v) : went (go) out
• Looked forward (phr. v) : expected/ hoped
• At the sight of (phr) : on seeing
• Betel leaves (phr) : leaves offered in ceremonies in Hindu culture (tamalapaakulu)
• Untouchable worm (phr) : an untouchable person who is not liked (here– Bayaji was called untouchable worm)
• Swollen head (phr) : a person who thinks that he is more important than he really is
• Gathered momentum (phr) : gained speed and force/ increased level
• Dropped off (phr.v) : fell asleep
• In full swing (idiom) :moving quickly forward/ at the peak of the activity
• Rose up (phr.v) : increased
• Rent (rend) the air (idiom) : sound piercingly/ disturb sharply with loud noise
• Took place (idiom) : occurred/ happened
• Caught (catch) fire (idiom) : ignited (ignite)
• Put out (phr.v) : extinguish/ stop burning
  Trapped creature (phr) : Here the ‘creature’ was Bayaji. He was caught (trapped) in fire.
• Came down (phr.v) : fell down
• Gulped down (phr.v) : controlled emotions by swallowing hard
• Calmed down (phr.v) : stopped being angry or emotionally excited
• Sobbing.... heart out (phr) : crying / weeping a lot
• Pained at heart (phr) : The feelings of sadness touched their hearts.
• Rest in peace (idiom) :an expression used to wish eternal peace and rest to someone who has died

Synonyms

• Nonplus :  astonish, bewilder, confound, wonder, confuse
• Persist : continue, endure, last, remain, persevere
• Swindle : cheat, con, cozen, deceive, defraud, dupe, embezzle
• Agony : anguish, distress, pain, pangs
• Calamity : adversity, catastrophe, disaster, distress
• Aspiration : aim, ambition, craving, longing
• Wail : bemoan, deplore, lament, mourn, cry, weep
• Abandon : abdicate, abjure, leave, relinquish
• Chaos : anarchy, confusion, disorder, confusion
• Filthy : dirty, nasty, defiled, foul

Antonyms

• Reluctant x ready, willing
• Obstinate x obedient, yielding

UNIT : 3. HUMAN RELATIONS , THE JOURNEY, ANOTHER WOMEN , A NEVER NEVER NEST. SUMMARY AND STUDY MATERIAL

UNIT : 3.  HUMAN RELATIONS ,  THE JOURNEY,  ANOTHER WOMEN , A NEVER NEVER NEST. BRIEF SUMMARY AND NOTES.

 

3.HUMAN RELATIONS 

 

"‘Child is the father of man’-This is a well known quotation from Shakespeare’s works. The child grows into an adult. The adult finally becomes old. As this happens, there is an attitudinal change in the individual. The children have some dreams about their future. The adults have some priorities like getting a good job, living in comfortable house, etc. But none of these physical comforts gives us the feeling that warm relation with people living around us gives. Nowadays, the elderly people have feeling that they not wanted by anybody. In this  background, “Old age homes” are mushrooming which tell us that human relations have been pushed to the back burner. The globalized world has encroached this space among people and they feel that they are separated from their friends and kin psychogically. Many stories, novels, poems have been written on this subject. The present reading includes the following."

Part-A: The Journey

The story ‘A Journey’ creates a silent ambience which mostly psychological in nature. The reader feels that each individual( the father and the son) is talking to himself. Their behavior brings out so much that is not expressed orally; but their actions suggest what would be the thoughts of the father and his son. The father is confident and son is diffident and feels that his education had made him so.At the end of the story, The son and the father start traveling in two opposite directions symbolizing their ways of life.

Part-B: Another Woman

It is poem ‘Another Woman’ picturising the plight of the traditional Indian woman. The ill treatments meted out to her, the treatment given by her in-laws after the marriage is universal phenomenon. The poem picturizes all these things quite naturally.

Part-C: The Never- Never- Nest

‘The Never- Never- Nest’ is a one act play on the vicious circle of installments. This play shows how a family of average income group might fall prey to consumerism. The characters and their attributes are found everywhere in the society.

Glossary

• Lethargy (n) : the state of not having any energy or enthusiasm for doing things
  Creeps (v) : develops very slowly
• Dilly-dallying (v): taking a long time to do something, go somewhere or make a decision
• Shun (v) : to avoid something or somebody
• Dissuade (v) : to convince somebody not to do something
• Plight (n) : a difficult and sad situation
• guilt (n) : the unhappy feelings caused by knowing that you have done something wrong
• Self-consciousness (n): feelings of nervousness about what other people think of you
• Contentment (n) : a feeling of happiness or satisfaction
• Weary (adj) : very tired
• methi (n) : fenugreek
• White radish (n) : white and round or finger-shaped vegetable
• Extravagance (n) : spending more than necessary in an uncontrolled way
• Villa (n) : small house standing in its own garden
• cosy(adj.) : warm and comfortable
• Shriek (n) : a high loud cry
• Exclaim (v) : speak with strong feelings
• Thin gummy (n) : a word used in spoken English, when the name of an object has been forgotten
• Tartar (n) : an irritable, hard to cope with person
• Phew (interj.) : expression of tiredness, shock or relief

Phrases and Phrasal Verbs

• Leave behind (phr.v) : not to take someone with you when you go somewhere
• See off (phr.v.) : to go to an airport, station, etc. to say goodbye to someone
• Catch up (phr.v.) : to come from behind and reach someone in front of you by going faster
• Bare feet (n.phrase) : the feet without chappals or shoes
• Pebble-strewn road (n.phrase) : the road over which pebbles are scattered
• The Never-Never Nest (idiom) : a house that can never become one’s own.
• of course (phr) : used to introduce an idea or action as being obvious or to be expected
• As a matter of fact (idiom): actually / in fact
• Come to (phr.v) : reach in total / amount to
• Good heavens! (phr) : a phrase used to express surprise
• Note of hand (phr) : a promissory note
• See to (phr.v) : accompany to some place
• Pay off (phr.v) : pay completely
• Good money (phr) : valuable money
• Black out (phr. v.) : ends with lights off

Synonyms

• Shun : avoid, elude, eschew, escape, evade
• Extravagant : excessive, prodigal, lavish
• Absurd : silly, foolish, ridiculous

Antonyms

• Guilty x innocent
• Recede x advance, proceed
• Extravagant x thrifty, frugal
• Absurd x rationale, sane